What is the difference between a "closed" and "open" fracture?

The distinction between a closed fracture and an open fracture primarily lies in the integrity of the skin surrounding the injury. A closed fracture occurs when the bone is broken, but there is no external wound or break in the skin. This means that the soft tissues and skin remain intact, reducing the risk of infection and other complications. In contrast, an open fracture, also referred to as a compound fracture, involves a break in the skin that exposes the bone, significantly increasing the risk of infection and other complications due to the direct communication between the external environment and the fracture site.

The other options do not accurately capture the definitions of closed and open fractures. While open fractures may be more severe due to complications, it is not a definitive rule as the severity can depend on various factors, including the specific nature of the fracture and overall patient health. Visibility on X-ray is not determined by whether the fracture is open or closed; both types can typically be seen on X-ray images. Lastly, open fractures can occur in any type of bone, not just long bones, making that statement too restrictive. Understanding this crucial difference is essential for effective assessment and treatment in medical practice.